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Asif Khaliq
Research Coordinator
Aga Khan University Hospital - Karachi, Pakistan
خلاصہ
I am Asif Khaliq, I am multitalented and multitasking professional. I am Pharmacist by profession, I have initiated my career as Hospital Pharmacist, but I have strive to learn Management, therefore I join Institute of Business Management for MBA-Health and Hospital Management. My MBA-Health and Hospital Management has broaden my skills about various aspects of management sciences, like Operational Management, Supply Chain Management, Financial Management and also about Human Resources Management. Because of my immense interest in Public Health, I later join Baqai Medical University for MPH program and this program has actually developed my skills in epidemiological analysis, public health management, health promotion and also about research writing and research methods.
My strong interest in research writing and epidemiological studies has made my selection successful in WHO-EMRO implementation research workshop offered by Aga Khan University Hospital. I am supervising 6 MBA-Health Management students in different topics of Health Management and Public Health Sciences.
پراجیکٹس
TAINTED BLOOD ORANGES-SUSPECTED SOURCE OF HIV TRANSMISSION
Assessment of Acute Antidote Shortage and its Effect on Treatment Outcome
Quality of drug stores:Storage practices & Regulatory compliance in Karachi
Pharmacists’ Management of Diabetes during Ramadan Fasting
HEMATOPOIETIC POTENTIAL OF CARICA PAPAYA LEAVES IN HEALTHY RABBITS
Assessment of Childhood Domestic Injuries among Joint and Nuclear Families
EVALUATING THE RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS THROUGH BONE MASS DENSITY
Assessment of knowledge and practices about breastfeeding and weaning among
Abstract:
Background: Antidotes play a vital role in the timely management of poisoning cases. Antidote shortage can be troublesome for healthcare staff, patients & their families. This eventually causes treatment delay, case complication and death. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of antidote shortage on the treatment outcome of poisoned patients in various hospitals and pharmacies of Karachi.
Methods: This is a cross sectional study in which 324 participants had responded to the study questionnaires which were approached by non-probability convenience technique from January 2015 to July 2015. The data was collected from the physicians and drug dispensers working in specialty and tertiary public and private hospital, hospital pharmacy or retail stores of Karachi. The responses of physicians and drug dispensers about the common poisonous agents, commonly unavailable antidotes and associated issues were validated by patient prescriptions and by the responses of patient attendants.
Results: The physicians and pharmacists both rated Pralidoxime, Flumazenil, snake antivenom, N-acetylcysteine and naloxone as commonly unavailable antidotes. Similarly maximum number of antidote prescriptions received was of Pralidoxime (46%) followed by Flumazenil (35%). The acute shortage of antidote may lead to treatment delay as responded by more than 80% participants from each group.
Conclusion: Both the hospitals & retail pharmacies have to keep all essential antidotes irrespective of their cost and must keep direct contact with antidote suppliers, so that the issues related to antidote unavailability can be minimized. There is a dire need of integrated health system.
Keywords: Antidotes; Unavailability; Consequences; Treatment; Outcomes; Organophosphates
Quality of drug stores:Storage practices & Regulatory compliance in Karachi
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess and evaluate the drug storage quality and regulatory compliance among privately operated drug stores of Karachi Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of drug stores located in Karachi was conducted from May to December 2013. A total of 1003 drug stores that were involved in the sales, purchase and dispensing of pharmaceutical products were approached by non-probability purposive sampling technique, and the information was collected using a close ended, structured questionnaire.
Results: Out of 1003 drug stores inspected only 4.1%(n=41) were found compliant to regulatory requirements. Most of the stores 74.9%(n=752) were selling general items along with the drugs. Only 12%(n=124) stores were having qualified person working on the store, out of which 33% were pharmacist. 47.4%(n=400) of the stores had drug sales license displayed in the premises and 33.4%(n=282) of the stores had expired drug sales license. 11.4%(n=94) stores were found selling vaccines without proper refrigerator and only 11.7% stores had the power backup for the refrigerator. Only 40.2%(n=403) of stores were protected from direct sunlight and 5.4%(n=54) having air conditioning in the premises.
Conclusion: The regulatory compliance of majority of the drug stores operated privately in different areas of Karachi is below standard. Only a few drugs stores have adequate facilities to protect the drugs from extreme temperature, sunlight and provision of refrigeration. Very few of the drug stores carry out drug sales under the supervision of qualified pharmacist. There is a dire need to improve the storage practices in the drug stores by complying with the regulatory standards/laws as specified by the Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan.
KEY WORDS: Drug Stores, Regulatory Compliance, Storage Practices, Quality.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.325.9705
Pharmacists’ Management of Diabetes during Ramadan Fasting
Abstract
Background: Proper management of diabetes requires a set of preventive and therapeutics measures that include proper diet, regular exercise, monitoring of blood glucose and insulin administration however, significant counseling and education of patients are required to be provided by pharmacists if patients are fasting.
Objectives: This study investigated pharmacists’ knowledge and practices towards diabetes management during the month of Ramadan.
Methods: A cross sectional pre-validated questionnaire-based study was carried out among pharmacists practicing in hospital settings and pharmaceutical industry pharmacists. Data were collected from June 2015 to November 2015. The questionnaire covered: a) demographics, b) knowledge of diabetic risk factors and c) knowledge of blood glucose levelssuch as normal, diagnostic, target levels require during fasting and during complications. Results: 288 pharmacists participated in the study; 69.1% were practicing pharmacists and 30.9% were industrial
pharmacists. The majority qualified as Pharm D (70.5%) and most respondents (85.5%) have experience ranging between 1 to 5 years. A significant difference has been found between practicing pharmacists and industrial pharmacists regarding knowledge of diabetes risk factors, complications, normal and target blood glucose levels. The mean knowledge score for industrial pharmacist was higher than hospital and clinical pharmacists [9.5 (3.4) versus 6.8 (2.7); p0.05].
Conclusion: The barriers that hinder the role of pharmacists in Pakistan should be addressed especially for practicing pharmacists. Initiation of education and training programs related to diabetic care for practicing pharmacists is required on urgent basis. Pre-Ramadan training is essential to enable pharmacists to counsel fasting diabetic patients effectively.
Keywords: Diabetes management, hospital and clinical pharmacists, Ramadan, fating patients, Diabetic patients.
HEMATOPOIETIC POTENTIAL OF CARICA PAPAYA LEAVES IN HEALTHY RABBITS
ABSTRACT
Objective: The study was designed investigate pharmacological effects Carica papaya leaves on the Hemoglobin and Renal function test in healthy rabbits.
Methods: It is experimental and interventional study conducted at department of Pharmacology and therapeutic in Baqai Medical University, Karachi, from March 2015 to May 2015. In this study Carica papaya leaves extract was administer to 18 healthy adult rabbits at two different doses of 250mg/OD and- 500mg/OD, in order to measure the hematological as well as to renal activities parameter in healthy adult rabbits. The rabbits were divided into three (3) equal groups. Group A (control) contain 6 healthy rabbits and fed-standard diet (fresh hay, fresh vegetables and water), Group B (tested) contain 6 healthy rabbits and fed-leaves 250 mg and Group C contain 6 healthy rabbits and fed-leaves 500 mg. Analytical Parameters: Complete blood count/Renal function test estimation was done at 0, 15, 30, 45 days.
Data Analysis: All collected data will be entered into Statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 19.0.
Result: Statistically increase of Hemoglobin levels 4.9% and 6.9% in tested rabbits as compared to Baseline p-value 0.05. Maximum incremental response was observed on day 15 i.e. 11.6 ± 0.33 & 11.7 ± 0.32 respectively. Additionally MCV, MCH, MCHC & RBCs were showed on Test cumulative mean p-value 0.05 value as compared to Baseline in tested rabbits. Whereas Urea and Creatinine were observed no significantly effects in tested rabbits as compared to control Group A on Cumulative mean.
Conclusion: From our study, obtained results showing that the papaya plant leaves extract are posses hematopoietic potential, as their use in healthy rabbits significant increase the hemoglobin level and thus it could be use pharmacologically for the treatment of anemia.
Key Words: Papaya, Leaves, Hemoglobin, Renal profile.
Med Channel 2016; 22(2) 51-56
Assessment of Childhood Domestic Injuries among Joint and Nuclear Families
Abstract:
To assess the frequencies and factors of domestic injuries among children aged less than 5 years. This is a cross sectional study, in which parents who have child less than 5 years of age were targeted. A total of 246 participants had provided satisfactory information and they were approached by non-probability purposive sampling technique from January 2016 to June 2016. The data was entered in Excel and then imported to SPSS 19.0 for inferential analysis. In this study, 89.8% (n = 221) mothers and 10.2% (n = 25) father who had participated. 52.08% (n = 123) parents were from joint family. The different types of domestic injuries faced by children were fall (52%), sharp cut (36%), and burn (31%) and Temporary fever, rashes and scratches were the most common consequence of domestic injury as experienced by 57% children. No any significant difference (p 0.05) in the storage practices of different household hazardous item was observed among the parents living in joint and nuclear family system. Protecting children from domestic injury is a multi-dimensional approach. It needs parent’s education, manufacturer guidance, Government regulation and joint community efforts for proper and safe storage of household items. These measures will aid in reducing the burden of childhood domestic injuries.
KEYWORDS
Domestic, Injuries, Children, Under 5, Karachi
EVALUATING THE RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS THROUGH BONE MASS DENSITY
Abstract:
Background: Osteoporosis is a bone disorder, characterized by loss of bone mass density. Osteoporosis affects more than 30% of post-menopausal women. Osteoporosis is often associated with restricted body movement, pain and joint deformities. Early identification and early intervention can help in reducing these complications. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the burden of Osteoporosis in Urban setting of Sindh among women of different age groups and to access the effect of different protective measures that can reduce the risk of Osteoporosis.
Method: In this study, 500 women’s of 3 major cities of Sindh were approached by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Women bearing age 20 years or more were included. Women who fall under inclusion criteria were screened for BMD (Bone mineral density) test and were classified as Healthy, Osteopenic and Osteoporotic based on their T-score. The association of different protective measures and risk of osteoporosis was assessed by prevalence relative risk (PRR).
Result: The result of this study indicate that the burden of Osteoporosis is very high among the women of Sindh, only 17.4% (84) women were found to have normal BMD score. The life style of majority of women was sedentary. The PRR calculated for Exposure to sunlight, regular exercise, and use of nutritional supplement was 12.5, 5.19 and 2.72 folds respectively.
Conclusion: The results of study reveal that exposure to sunlight, regular physical exercise and use of nutritional supplements found to be effective in reducing the risk of osteoporosis among women of all age group. Health education and promotion toward osteoporosis prevention can significantly contribute in reducing the morbidity of osteoporosis.
Assessment of knowledge and practices about breastfeeding and weaning among
Abstract
Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of working and non-working mothers regarding breastfeeding and weaning.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involving working and non-working mothers was conducted from May 2015 to May 2016 at different hospitals of Karachi. Data was collected from women who had at least one child aged below 5 years and who had previously breastfed their child. Non-probability quota sampling technique was used. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis.
Results: Of the 414 participants, 207(50%) were non-working while 207(50%) were working mothers. The overall mean age was 29.6±6.3 years. Moreover, 277(66.9%) mothers breastfed their youngest child and a significant difference was observed among the breastfeeding practices of working and non-working mothers (p0.05). Bottle-feeding was adopted by 320(77.9%) mothers as an alternative method although 259(62.6%) mothers were aware about the harmful effects of bottle-feeding. Home-made products were used for weaning by 389(94%) mothers.
Conclusion: Knowledge and practices regarding breastfeeding showed significant difference in most of the aspects between working and non-working mothers. As for weaning, both groups had the same knowledge and practices.
Keywords: Knowledge and practices, Breastfeeding, Weaning, Working and non-working mothers. (JPMA 67: 332; 2017)
Abstract
Objective: To determine the need of drug and poison information centres in public and private hospitals of Karachi.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at 3 public and 3 private tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, from July 2013 to April 2014, using a self-administered, multi-item questionnaire. Non-probability convenient sampling was used to select the participants. SPSS 18 was used to analyse data.
Results: Of the 307 physicians, 282(92%) highlighted the need for a 24/7 drug and poison information centre and 206(67%) suggested opening a drug information centre at the hospital. Besides, 215(70%) respondents said they took at least 15 minutes for searching information about the drug while managing a case. Regarding the poisoning case management, 160(52%) physicians complained about the unavailability of medicines in hospitals.
Conclusion: Provision of 24 /7 drug information centres with specialised staff are necessary to reduce treatment delays and to ensure provision of quality healthcare.
Keywords: Drug and poison information centres, Prescription, Physicians, Public and private hospitals, Pakistan. (JPMA 66: 639 ; 2016)
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